helicopter to dry tortugas. They are authorized by the National Park Service. helicopter to dry tortugas

 
 They are authorized by the National Park Servicehelicopter to dry tortugas  Flying there is half the fun! Once you arrive, you can go to Fort Jefferson and hear pirate tales or snorkel in the clear waters of the Dry Tortugas

- See 5,564 traveler reviews, 4,206 candid photos, and great deals for Key West, FL, at Tripadvisor. The Dolphin helicopter crew arrived on scene at approximately 2 p. Eating and Sleeping. Travel time is approximately 40 minutes each way. With only seven small islands making up the land-portion of the Dry Tortugas, this park is a marine lover's paradise. 1) Everglades NP (1. Soft drinks and snacks are available in the galley which will remain open for cash sales. It's a paradise for snorkeling and scuba diving. The aviation branch of Big Cypress has been in operation since the establishment of the Preserve in 1974. Truman Little White House. Inside Winter in Key West. Almost 70 miles (113 km) west of Key West lies the remote Dry Tortugas National Park. 60 for kids. Jefferson and landing right on the azure Gulf waters. . e. Because it’s Florida, it remains somewhat balmy year-round, and ranger-guided tours that take you on a ferry to the island offer a glimpse into the history of Florida and America. Bird migration to the Dry Tortugas is a year-round affair. There are seven small islands in the 100-square mile park, but it is mostly open water. Located just 70 miles from Key West, this 100 square mile marine sanctuary is a nature lover’s dream. The Dry Tortugas are located in the Gulf of Mexico about 70 miles west off the coast of Key West. Significant Concern. Charter includes snorkel equipment, sparkling water, 5 hours at the National Park with 2. Dry Tortugas National Park in the Florida Keys is temporarily closed to the public due to an influx of migrants from Cuba. MIAMI — A Coast Guard Air Station Miami MH-65 Dolphin helicopter crew rescued three men, Sunday, after their vessel sank near Dry Tortugas National Park. 5 day) 3) Dry Tortugas NP (0. Since it sits in a protected space, and is far away from the mainland, the coral reef has been barely damaged and touched by humans. Kayaking & Canoeing. The half-day excursion for four hours from Seaplane Adventures costs between $250 and $400 per person, while the full-day excursion for eight hours costs between $515 and $650 per person. Number of participants are limited for safety, so buying tickets online for a reserved time is recommended. The Homeland Security Task Force - Southeast said they have stopped or removed more than 1,300 refugees at sea or from Dry Tortugas National Park and other areas of the Florida Keys since Dec. One-stop booking for the best Key West Tours - Call a fun coordinator and experience Key West like a local. On Garden Key, visitors can tour the largest all-masonry fort in the United States, built. Today the old fort and empty little islands provide a protected home for. Key West Seaplane Adventures is the only company that flies to Dry Tortugas National Park. Helicopter pad area; North and South beaches; Fishing is allowed from the shores of the Dry Tortugas as long as you have a current State of Florida salt water license which. Fort Jefferson consists of a whopping 16 million bricks. NPS / Rebecca Port, imagery from NASA. Snorkeling is, of course, a big draw to the islands, but the Dry Tortugas is also home to many shipwrecks that are great places to scuba dive. Marco Island + Sailing back to Marathon →. Dinner Cruises. Truman Little White House. S. , hoisted the men into the aircraft and transferred them to Key West International Airport in good health. Air Charters & Tours. Make reservations for a Dry Tortugas Tour by booking online or. m. The ship was a part of a Spanish convey en route from La Habana, Cuba to Spain. 5,995 likes · 8 talking about this · 1,744 were here. Our number one priority is to provide you with a safe tour, and we have completed over 20,000 flights Into Dry Tortugas National Park with a 100% safety record. military coastal fortress in the Dry Tortugas National Park of Florida. Once you have a reservation, your campsite is reserved by default, which is payable upon arrival to Dry Tortugas. Camera. Unless indicated below as “ (Obtained at Garden Key)” or “ (Obtained from Park Manager prior to arrival by calling 305-224-4222)”, all other permits must be obtained from the Superintendent, Everglades National. There is a beautiful beach for swimming with views of the Loggerhead Key lighthouse, but most of the island is protected. The seaplane tour to the Dry Tortugas was the most amazing experience! The flight was about 35 minutes and the pilot narrated during the trip. Opting to travel by private boat to the Dry Tortugas means you get to discover more of the Florida Keys. Fort Jefferson Map. Mr. Departs morning & afternoon. Arches to the ocean, Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas National Park. Filmmakers Carter McCormick and Paula Sprenger recently wrapped up a month as artists-in-residence at Dry Tortugas National Park, 70 miles west of Key West. Its discovery by Ponce de Leon in 1513, during which he encountered over 100 sea turtles, led to the name Tortugas, meaning “turtles”. s. This trip is just under 4 hours long, providing at least 2 1/2 hours of island time at Fort Jefferson/Dry Tortugas. December and January are our busiest months. Thomas earlier this year. There’s no road to Dry Tortugas. You can stop searching for cheaper alternatives, they do not exist. Many stay to nest, including 100,000 sooty terns, brown noddies, roseate terns, double-crested cormorants and brown pelicans. $50. Keys Seaplanes® allows you the ability to explore Florida, all of The Bahamas and Caribbean, The Keys and of course, Key West from the most amazing perspective! Flying in an amphibious seaplane, allows us to have the capability of landing on water, as well as on land. Key West Seaplane Adventures is the only company that flies to Dry Tortugas National Park. Dry Tortugas Seaplane Full Day – Fort Jefferson National Park. 20 for children aged 12 and under, and similarly free for children under two years old. Water is available all day at no extra charge. . He is a national parks expert and has road tripped. In March and April, hundreds of thousands of birds migrating across the water stop here for a break. dry tortugas florida. Situated approximately 70 miles west of Key West, Florida, with no food, water, or fuel available in the park, proper planning is a must. Terrific snorkeling is right off this beach along the walls of the fort. Pilot gives a great tour, knows the island really well and gives a great commentary on the way helping you see turtles etc along the way. The Dry Tortugas are located on the northwest edge of the Florida Current and sailors looked for these reef islands to navigate through or around the current. A Professionally Printed Fine Art Photograph available on Premium Luster Paper, Canvas, or an Aluminum Sheet. It is an ideal fun day for. Archeologists have found the remains of a 19th century quarantine hospital and cemetery on a submerged island in Florida's Dry Tortugas National Park, according to park officials Monday, May 1. Seaplane tours are available daily through Key West Seaplane Adventures. No visit to Key West is complete without visiting one of the Key’s best-kept secrets: the protected shores of the Dry Tortugas National Park. Park staff on the mainland hope to inspect Dry Tortugas by helicopter today to assess damage there. Jefferson and landing right on the azure Gulf waters in a custom-designed seaplane is breathtaking. Make reservations for a Dry Tortugas Tour by booking online or contact us at (866) 575-5068. Fort Jefferson Map. #BREAKING: A @USCG Air Station Miami MH-65 Dolphin helicopter crew rescued three men, Sunday, after their vessel sank near Dry Tortugas National Park. About 300 migrants had arrived in small boats at the Dry Tortugas National Park — about 70 miles west of Key West — over the New Year's Day weekend. INVESTMENT $1,950. Dry Tortugas National Park and Fort Jefferson. No phone, TV, Internet or other people. Inside Key West Seafood. The ferry is the more economical way to the island, but it still has its pros and cons! *Prices from January 2021. The Yankee Freedom is the fastest, largest and newest state-of-the-art ferry transporting passengers to Fort Jefferson Dry Tortugas National Park. With our private seaplane flights, you won’t even get your feet wet. The most common booking is a half-day adventure which costs $397 per adult. Fort Jefferson National Monument was designated by President Franklin D. Public ferries and seaplanes depart regularly to the park, and fishing and dive charters can be booked from the Florida Keys and Naples. LOCATION Key West / Fort Jefferson. Dry Tortugas Seaplane Excursion $ 451. is another private company that offers helicopter tours to Dry Tortugas. m. If you are an avid bird watching enthusiast, the Dry Tortugas are home to over two hundred different avian species, depending on the season. Explore the grounds with a knowledgeable guide to learn. Upon purchase you will receive the following: A Fine Art Print WITHOUT Watermark. Yankee Freedom passengers have the option of joining a 45- to 60-minute guided tour of the fort led by one of our expert naturalists. Dry Tortugas National Park is only 70 miles from the Florida Keys and Key West, making it one of the best snorkeling and skin diving spots in North America. The site, discovered by marine archaeologists about 70 miles from Key West, Fla. The first documented ship wreck occurred in 1622 with the Spanish vessel, Nuestra Senora del Rosario, a 600 ton galleon vessel. 05 pound (25 grams) and are about 2 inches long (50mm). Cleatus's arrival in the Dry Tortugas in the early aughts was a novelty. Home to over 60,000 acres of coral reef, this national park woos travelers with its spectacular underwater world. There is water everywhere you look at the Dry Tortugas, which makes its name seem ironic. Take the Ferry to Dry Tortugas. S. Boat Rentals. Cuba is a popular and exotic destination among travelers for its unique culture. Location: 3471 S. There are some lights in the fort, but otherwise no electricity in public areas. There are a variety of tour operators providing trips for fishing, diving, snorkeling, and wildlife viewing. After 144 years, the deterioating Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse at Dry Tortugas National Park is getting a much-need rehabilitation expected to keep it standing for another century. No refund if cancelling a confirmed seat(s) less than 48 hours prior to flight time. Amberjack, Mahi Mahi, Barracuda, Kingfish, Black Grouper, and Yellowtail Snapper are some of the species on your wish list for this. Upon purchase you will receive the following: A Fine Art Print WITHOUT Watermark. a helicopter (picking up a visitor with a heart condition), two ferry operations from Key West, the Park Service shuttle. Discover Scuba – 1-Day Resort Course; Morning 2-Tank Dive: Vandenberg Wreck; Afternoon 2-Tank Reef Dive; Snorkeling Tours. You could look into the seaplane . Price: $451. The site is submerged around what is known as Garden Key, about 70 miles west of the southernmost point. 5,995 likes · 8 talking about this · 1,744 were here. The NTSB launched an investigation which. The only thing we'd do differently next time is to do a full day tour - the half day just wasn't enough time on the island to really take it. Dry Tortugas National Park is home to almost 300 species of birds, although only eight are commonly seen by visitors. Plan your schedule. Almost 70 miles (113 km) west of Key West lies the remote Dry Tortugas National Park. Almost 70 miles (113 km) west of Key West lies the remote Dry Tortugas National Park. . Ask CarlSlye about Fort Jefferson. All campsites on the Dry Tortugas are first-come, first-served with the exception of the large group site for 10-20 people. 01:34. ), Fort Jefferson, North and Central America, United States, Florida, Monroe, Dry. 0 seconds of 1 minute, 34 secondsVolume 90%. Dry Tortugas campground is one of the most beautiful settings you can imagine. The Dry Tortugas National Park is a pristine marine protected area (MPA) that offers excellent queen conch habitat and hope for their survival. Beach Packages. 00 per person and is good for 7 consecutive days. Pay the admission fee to enter the park on your transport. Inside Key West Seafood. 4 hour half day and 8 hour full day tours daily. The other option is the Yankee Freedom, which is a high speed catamaran that has a passenger capacity of 250 people and takes around 2 hours to travel between Key West and Garden Key. $50. We took the ferry over. ttuce,tomato,bananapepper,hummus,cheese. 37 powder magazines. 1, 2013 Breitbart, "Feds try to close ocean because of shutdown. Private boat, private plane or the Yankee Freedom III. Register for Dry Tortugas Seaplane Excursion at Dry Tortugas National Park. The largest brick building in the western hemisphere. Key West to the Dry Tortugas is a 78 nm voyage. Anything related to aircraft, airplanes, aviation and flying. 4386 888. Jefferson but do not wish to spend time on the ground at the fort. Samuel Alexander MudPermitted Tour Guides at Dry Tortugas National Park. Fort Jefferson, its central cultural feature, is one of the nation’s largest 1800s masonry forts. U. Re: Dry Tortugas. MIAMI — A Coast Guard Air Station Miami MH-65 Dolphin helicopter crew rescued three men, Sunday, after their vessel sank near Dry Tortugas National Park. Rodenticide is harmful to pets if ingested. Dr. The park encompasses the caldera of Crater Lake, a remnant of Mount Mazama, a destroyed volcano, and the surrounding hills and forests. Archeologists have found the remains of a 19th century quarantine hospital and cemetery on a submerged island in Florida's Dry Tortugas National Park in the Gulf of Mexico. Coast Guard Boat. The name Dry Tortugas National Park is a bit of a misnomer, considering that less than one percent of this Florida national park’s 100 square miles is dry land. Mistake #5: Forgetting the Islands are Primitive. The explanation goes back more than five centuries, when explorer Ponce de Leon discovered the islands and the sea turtles, or tortugas, which swam there. Take a shuttle bus from Key West, FL to Fort Lauderdale, FL - International Airport. We offer a fleet of aircraft options and will choose one that best suits your needs. DATE May 2nd - May 6th, 2022. l unch buffet j e. Dive-in-a-Day Resort Course $ 229. Dry Tortugas Kayak Rental. The cheapest way to get from Dry Tortugas to Holbox Island costs only $25092, and the quickest way takes just 10¼ hours. With limited seating, you must book MONTHS IN ADVANCE. Date of experience: June 2018. It was also the location of the “Tortugas Laboratory”, built and operated by the Carnegie Research Institute, for tropical research, from 1904 until 1939. The Dolphin helicopter crew arrived on scene at approximately 2 p. The ferry terminal is located on the north side of Key West between Mallory Square and the US Coast Guard property. Day Trip: $190 (includes $15 National Park Entry Fee) Overnight: $210 (does NOT include $15-$30 campsite fee) Parking at Ferry Terminal: $32 per day. Situated at the westernmost edge of the third largest coral reef system in the world, you are sure to discover some of the most pristine living coral and marine life found anywhere in the Florida Keys. Accessible only by boat or seaplane, the park is known the world over as the home of magnificent Fort Jefferson, picturesque blue waters, superlative coral reefs and marine life, and the. The Yankee Freedom ferry is how most people get to Dry Tortugas. The Dry Tortugas National Park is 100 square miles of mostly open water. It’s very far from where any of the tour boats go, you’d have to hire a private charter and that will be costly because of the cost of the fuel. soldiers stationed at Fort Jefferson — may have been buried at the. A U. Fort Jefferson's most famous prisoner was Dr. Helicopter cockpit interior flying on Praia da Rainha, small beach with cliffs in Cascais town, Portugal. Modern artillery made the fort no longer useful. and over) on behalf of the NPS at check in. Seaplane flights to the Dry Tortugas fly over and visit the most beautiful out-islands of the Keys. Ferry ticket includes entrance fee to Dry Tortugas National Park and Fort Jefferson. Dry Tortugas Seaplane Full Day – Fort Jefferson National Park. (Comprising 47,125 acres (19,071 ha) The monument was expanded in 1983 and re-designated as Dry Tortugas National Park on October 26, 1992 by an act of Congress. The largest brick building in the western hemisphere. He lives on an. (The ferry is $220. Encompassed within a 100-acre national park, the islands are best known for Fort Jefferson, a 19th. Dry Tortugas is a very primitive national park and is definitely a step back in time. – Police said Sunday that they were investigating the death of a 67-year-old man from Louisiana off the Florida Keys. The Dry Tortugas National Park • Approximately 70 miles west of Key West there is a group of small remote islands surrounded by electric blue waters. While the spring brings about the best. The National Park Service closed the Tortugas Sunday, Jan. Inspired by Dry Tortugas’s isolated charm, he spent three days and nights in the park filming the stars, and the result is a stunning time-lapse video that showcases the revolving beauty above. A one of a kind experience for those looking to see the Dry Tortugas and Ft. Of the 1,321 sea turtle crawls documented in the Dry Tortugas during the 2013 nesting season, 659 resulted in nests. Flying out to Ft. There is no cell service, wifi, or air conditioning. Below the water, there is even more animal life to discover. , once held a quarantine hospital and cemetery for those stationed at Fort Jefferson in the Dry Tortugas National Park. Dive in a Day. Remote and isolated, the islands are almost entirely. About 70 miles west of Key West, Florida, lies Dry Tortugas National Park which is world-renowned for picturesque blue sea waters, white sands, brightly colorful coral reefs, abundant marine life, and legends of shipwrecks and sunken treasures. Take a flight and soar above the majestic views of our little gem of an island. In a news release. A small number of incident management team. , hoisted the men into the aircraft and transferred them to Key West International Airport in good health. 00 per adult and $512 per child. If your vacation time in the Keys is limited, or if you’re an aviation buff, this four or eight-hour experience is perfect for. Day - Dry Tortugas 1-Day Trip - For 1 - 6 guests, all ages welcomed aboard 34’ Fountain center console highspeed boat. Camping at Garden Key is an incredible experience with amazing star gazing, snorkeling, sunsets, and more! But you must be prepared to camp in this remote location. It is accessible only by boat or seaplane. The U. Inside Key West Arts and Culture. ), Fort Jefferson, North and Central America, United States, Florida, Monroe, Dry Tortugas IslandsThe park is 70 miles (112 kilometers) west of Key West off the southern tip of Florida. Hurricanes and shallow reef waters made the Florida Keys treacherous, and there are shipwrecks in the waters in and. S. The NPS has managed Fort Jefferson on Garden Key in the Dry Tortugas since Fort Jefferson National Monument was established by Congress in 1935. This island is closed the rest of the year so that colonies of birds can nest in the area. m. Flying there is half the fun! Once you arrive, you can go to Fort Jefferson and hear pirate tales or snorkel in the clear waters of the Dry Tortugas. Sunscreen (preferably reef safe) Change of dry clothes for your comfort on the return flight. Cost: $200 per adult, $145 for children 4 to. Green – you are a lucky guy – that’s a beautiful area – two things – the U. 420 heavy guns. Last week, the National Park Service announced it was temporarily closing Dry Tortugas National Park in the Florida Keys to the public due to an influx of migrants from Cuba. The Dry Tortugas are the last group of islands of the Florida Keys, sitting 70 miles west of Key West. The full-day trips (8 hours long) are $697 for adults and $557. Save. True professionals – they made sure that all eyes connected with every. The ferry schedule runs daily from 10am-3pm. Inside Clothing-Optional Key West. ), Fort Jefferson, North and Central America, United States, Florida, Monroe, Dry. Discover the wonders of Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida’s magnificent underwater paradise, with the convenient and scenic Dry Tortugas ferry service to the fort. Dry Tortugas National Park. They are authorized by the National Park Service. 2 Thank CarlSlye . The distance from harbor (Key West) to harbor (Dry Tortugas) is about 68 Miles. ) Beach at the Dry Tortugas National Park: Campsites are steps away. Snorkel equipment and iced coolers included. “Information released. Book Cheap Flights to Dry Tortugas National Park: Search and compare airfares on Tripadvisor to find the best flights for your trip to Dry Tortugas National Park. Brisk winds and conflicting currents along some stretches can spawn tumultuous seas, such as the gap between. Most of the park is water, but it is also home to coral reefs, bird nesting grounds, and historic Fort Jefferson. However, there are some fishing spots inside the area, so check out the infographic in the paragraph above for more information. There is a beautiful beach for swimming with views of the Loggerhead Key lighthouse, but most of the island is protected. 00 change fee per reservation to change the date or. However, space is very limited. The park also encompasses a significant part of the marine. Step onto the soft sands of the Dry Tortugas island chain and feel like Robinson Crusoe as you explore this uninhabited paradise. Camping is $200 per adult. Most people will pay $190 per ticket for the ferry, which is cheaper than a seaplane or private charter. “The Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse is an iconic symbol of. Official site of Key West Seaplane Adventures. Traveling by sea plane is the quickest way to get to Dry Tortugas National Park. The submerged portion of the platform extends to water depths of about 300 feet (90 meters). 00 cash National Park Entrance Fee for all persons 17 or older. In our. These islands change constantly from the effects of tides, weather, air, and other environmental and human factors. 37 powder magazines. Fort Jefferson was so cool and the snorkeling was excellent. Although only 70 miles from Key West, FL, Dry Tortugas is the nation’s most remote national park, only accessible by boat or seaplane. Reviews Fort Jefferson Ferry. 2023 predictions: 5 international places that will be popular. From birds, to sea turtles and coral reefs, the park is paradise for wildlife viewing. It is massive (and unfinished). The closest airports to Dry Tortugas National Park are: Key West International Airport (EYW): 4 miles to the ferry terminal in Key West. A maximum of 68 campers can stay here and space is on a first-come, first-served basis. Dry Tortugas National Park. The trip from Key West to the Dry Tortugas can be an adventure in itself. Key West Seaplane Adventures. One of the Dry Tortugas seaplanes lands just outside the old ruins of the southern coal dock. The Dry Tortugas Seaplane - Half Day flight from Key West to the National Park is so spectacular, You will fly 70 miles over beautiful islands and ocean. 5 hours for half day; 6. Researchers at the Dry Tortugas National Park found a 19th century hospital and cemetery underwater. Travel options to and from are by Private Boat, Sea Plane or Yankee Freedom Ferry. Coast Guard Boat. Top Key West categories. In those early days, very little was. Dry Tortugas is a designated national park. Explore Key West and beyond. Each plane can carry 10 passengers plus the pilot. Seniors, students, active military and children have discounted tickets. 1, 2022, after almost. Sounds like the Caribbean, right? Wrong. Active and retired military get in free of charge. S. Permits which can be obtained at Garden Key at the Dry Tortugas National Park are indicated by “ (Obtained at Garden Key)”. 2 (101 mi: 2) is predominantly underwater with pristine coral reefs , sand banks and seagrass beds. The 110-foot, high-speed catamaran is the only ferry authorized by the National Park Service to get there. A casi 70 millas (113 km) al oeste de Cayo Hueso hay un grupo de siete islas formadas por arrecifes de coral y arena llamado Dry Tortugas. The Dry Tortugas has been referred to as an angler’s paradise, so if you’re looking for world-class game fish you’ll be in the right place. The ferry gives about 4:30-4:45 hours at the fort. The Tortugas were dry. Balance and applicable taxes due at check-in. Our flight route takes you due west, over this island chain. ), Military helicopters, Key West (Fla. Travel time is approximately 40 minutes each way. Dry Tortugas National Park is near the southwestern edge of the Florida Platform. Located nearly 70 miles west of Key West on Garden Key — one of seven islands that make up the Dry Tortugas National Park — Fort Jefferson is a tourist favorite. Water, about 25 meters deep or. NPS / Rebecca Port, imagery from NASA. National Park passes are accepted and get up to 4 people in your party into the park. Approximately 70 miles west of Key West lies beautiful Dry Tortugas National Park and Ft. Great for first time helicopter riders and younger children, our helicopters take up to 3 lucky guests on an eye-opening sightseeing tour of Key West, focusing on the island's historic and cultural landmarks. Distilleries. What is Dry Tortugas National Park? The cluster of seven islands of 64,700 acres that make up the Dry Tortugas are made of sand, limestone and coral reef fragments. The national park says one grave has been identified to be that of John Greer, who was a. Check-in began. The tour lasts for approximately 6 hours, including a 1. As the only seaplane service, we are the most exciting way to reach Dry Tortugas National Park. Trip Highlights: One Of A Kind Views, Multiple Trip Selections, Voted Key West’s Best Helicopter Tour. You will also shorten your travel time out to the Dry Tortugas National Park, allowing for more time to tour Fort Jefferson, explore the isles on a nature hike or snorkel at a coral garden. Once you arrive at the Dry Tortugas and settle in at anchor, take the dinghy or paddle boards to Garden Key main docks and tour. There are 5 ways to get from Dry Tortugas to Holbox Island by plane, helicopter, ferry, bus or shuttle. m. The Yankee Fleet in Gloucester, Massachusetts has over 7 vessels and has grown to become New. This gives you four hours and forty-five minutes to explore this park. If you run a travel or tourism business within the Dry Tortugas, read up on commercial use. Our destination, Dry Tortugas National Park, lies in the blue/green waters of the Gulf of Mexico and is the true end of the Keys. Scenic flight with view of shipwrecks, sea life, and Fort Jefferson from the air; Low-altitude flying means you can dive at the National Park or Key West the same day; Half-day option available; FREE parking at the airport; Alone time on the island—the morning flight. Location: 3471 S. Check in a half hour before takeoff at Key West International Airport. Dry Tortugas is a bird-watcher’s paradise. Visiting the Dry Tortugas aboard the official ferry is a full-day affair, with check-in starting at 7 a. to dissuade such efforts. m. Visitors are required to provide their own food, water and all other supplies while at the park. The closure, which went into effect on Monday, is expected to last. Take the ferry from Fort Jefferson to Bight Ferry Terminal. Croix and St.